共识与差异：团体标准央地政策文本分析

摘要：

【目的】为推动团体标准高质量发展创造良好环境、全面建设社会主义现代化国家，有必要对央地政策共识与差异状况进行挖掘与分析，以期对未来政策制定提供参考借鉴。【方法】从政策工具与政策内容2个维度构建我国央地政府定量分析框架。首先，获取团体标准政策文本并进行预处理，同时确立政策工具分析逻辑，进而通过内容编码，分析识别出央地政策工具使用现状和特点；其次，运用TF-IDF和LDA模型，通过对政策内容的深入剖析，识别经营主体参与度，以及各地区对中央政策主题的承继和创新。【结果】央地政策工具的使用表现出明显的“重混合，轻自愿、强制”的特征，但与当前我国由政府主导标准转化为政府与市场二元主导的阶段相匹配。中央在政策主题的布局上具有宏观指导属性，地区则在承继中央政府政策主题前提下匹配自身特色差异化创新举措，并发现以下问题：长江中游地区表现出经营主体的参与度较弱，缺乏企业的参与，在对中央主题的承继性中成渝地区和长江中游地区表现较弱等。【结论】为促进团体标准规范优质发展，各地区应加强央地政策的良性互动，确保地区对中央政策的靶向精确度的同时兼顾政策创新。

Abstract:

[Objective] In order to create a good environment for promoting the high-quality development of association standards and building a modern socialist country, it is necessary to excavate and analyze the consensus and difference status of the policies of the central and local governments, with a view to providing reference for future policy making. [Methods] This paper constructs a quantitative analysis framework for China’s central and local governments from the dimensions of policy tools and policy contents. First, we obtain and preprocess the text of the policies on association standards and establish the analysis logic of policy tools, and then analyze and identify the current situation and characteristics of the use of policy tools in the central government through content coding; second, we use the TF-IDF and LDA models to identify the degree of participation of the business entity as well as the inheritance and innovation of the central government’s policy themes in each region through the in-depth analysis of the policy content. [Results] The use of central and local policy tools shows an obvious characteristic of “heavy mixing, light on voluntary and compulsory”, but it matches the current stage of China’s transformation from government-led standards to government and market dual-led one. The central government has macroguidance attributes in the layout of policy themes, while the regions match their own characteristics with differentiated innovation initiatives under the premise of inheriting the central government’s policy themes, and the following problems are found: the middle reaches of the Yangtze River show weak participation of business entity and lack of enterprise participation, and Chengdu-Chongqing and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River are weak in inheriting the central government’s themes. [Conclusion] To promote the standardization and quality development of association standards, all regions should strengthen the benign interaction between central and local policies, and ensure the target accuracy of regional policies on the central policy while taking into account policy innovation. 

引用格式：刘俊杰，常晓然.共识与差异：团体标准央地政策文本分析[J].标准科学，2025(4):23-34.

基金项目：本文受国家自然科学基金项目“企业研发国际化决策机制研究：基于注意力基础观和能力基础观的底层机制整合视角”（项目编号：72002210）及国家社科基金一般项目“基于标准竞合战略的数字产业国际竞争力提升模式与路径研究”（项目编号：21BGL004）资助。 

作者简介：刘俊杰，硕士研究生，研究方向为标准化、创新管理。 常晓然，博士，副教授，研究方向为标准化、创新管理。