气象标准约束力分析与评价研究——以雷电防御领域标准为例

摘要：

发挥标准的技术支撑和基础性制度作用，标准约束力是关键，具有一定约束力的标准能够助推行业领域高质量发展。以雷电防御领域（X13）标准子体系为例，分析了标准的制度属性，评价了现行气象防雷标准的约束力。结果表明：气象防雷标准具有法律效力约束力、法律后果约束力、行政主导/干预约束力、市场机制约束力、契约约束力和自我约束力等6种约束力，简述了每种约束力的后果，指出了影响约束力的因素。研究结论可为气象防雷标准的应用、复审、修订以及标准体系规划提供参考。

Abstract:

To play the technical support and fundamental institutional role, standards must have binding force. Standards with certain binding force can promote high-quality development in the industry field. Taking the lightning protection (X13) standards subsystem as an example, the binding force of the current meteorological lightning protection standards is evaluated based on its institutional attributes. The results indicate that meteorological lightning protection standards have six types of binding forces: legal binding force, legal consequence binding force, administrative dominance/intervention binding force, market mechanism binding force, contractual binding force, and self binding force. The consequences of each binding force are briefly described, and the factors affecting the binding force are pointed out. The research conclusion can provide reference for the application, review, and revision of meteorological lightning protection standards, and the planing of relevant standards system.

基金项目：本文受中国气象局气象软科学项目“气象标准约束力分析与评价研究”（项目编号：2023ZZXM18）、“生态文明建设气象保障标准体系研究”（项目编号：2023ZZXM13）资助。

作者简介：汪开斌，本科，高级工程师，研究方向为气象灾害防御、气象标准化。崔晓军，通信作者，硕士，正研级高工，研究方向为气象标准化、气象教育培训理论与方法、气象科技管理等。