日本生活垃圾焚烧设施中烟气排放标准研究

摘要：

【目的】垃圾焚烧过程中产生的烟气含有多种有害物质，严格管控烟气排放标准对于保护生活环境和居民健康具有重要意义。【方法】本文通过文献调研法和数据调研法，研究了日本生活垃圾焚烧设施中烟气污染物的控制标准，梳理了其对各类烟气污染物的控制标准，探讨了相关标准制定的深层次原因，并指出了其存在的问题。【结果】根据各地的实际情况和环保需要，日本采用国家法定标准、特定排放标准、自主排放标准和总量限制标准等4类标准对烟气污染物进行全方位管控，取得了非常好的效果。【结论】我国也应制定差异化的排放标准、加强对烟气排放的监管、定期公开烟气数据，以更好地实现对烟气排放污染物的精细化管控。

Abstract:

[Objective] The flue gas generated during garbage incineration contains various harmful substances, and strict control of smoke emission standards is of great significance for protecting the living environment and residents’ health. [Method] This paper uses literature research and data research methods to study the control standards for flue gas pollutants in the Japanese municipal solid waste incineration facilities, sort out their control standards for various types of flue gas pollutants, explore the underlying reasons for the development of relevant standards, and point out their existing problems. [Results] According to the actual situation and environmental protection needs in various regions, Japan has adopted four types of standards, including national statutory standards, specific emission standards, independent emission standards, and total limit standards, to comprehensively control smoke pollutants, achieving very good results. [Conclusion] China should also establish differentiated emission standards, strengthen the supervision of flue gas emissions, and regularly disclose flue gas data to achieve the refined control of pollutants emitted from flue gas. 

引用格式：宋华旸,鞠阿莲,张斌,等.日本生活垃圾焚烧设施中烟气排放标准研究[J].标准科学,2025(1):104-108.

引用格式：本文受国家标准计划项目“生活垃圾采样和检测方法”（项目编号：20230382-T-333）资助。 

作者简介： 宋华旸，北京市城市管理研究院副院长，高级工程师，研究方向为城市精细化管理、城市运行安全、城市管理标准化。