人工智能时代下消费者权益风险管理研究

摘要：

【目的】针对人工智能时代消费者权益面临的系统性风险，探索构建以消费者权益为核心的风险防控框架，助力人工智能技术合规化发展。【方法】运用风险清单法识别算法偏见、隐私泄露、红利分配不均、物理安全受威胁、决策偏差、选择权受限六大核心风险，运用风险矩阵法从可能性和严重性维度进行量化评估，结合国际标准、区域法规的实践经验，分析现有标准体系存在的不足。【结果】根据评估结果显示，隐私与数据泄露、算法偏见、决策偏差为高风险领域，技术红利分配失衡等为中风险领域。现有标准在消费者参与机制、跨域协同实施等方面存在明显不足，约束效能衰减。【结论】需针对风险分级完善标准体系，高风险领域强化强制性技术规范，中风险领域提升标准适配性，通过多元主体协同的闭环机制确保标准落地，实现技术创新与权益保护的动态平衡。

Abstract:

[Objective]Aiming at the systemic risks faced by consumers’ rights and interests in the era of artificial intelligence, this study explores the construction of a risk prevention and control framework centered on consumers’ rights and interests to promote the compliant development of artificial intelligence technology. [Methods] Six core risks, namely algorithmic bias, privacy leakage, uneven distribution of dividends, threatened physical safety, decision-making deviation, and restricted right to choose, are identified using the risk checklist method. The risk matrix method is applied to conduct quantitative assessment from the dimensions of possibility and severity. Combined with the practical experience of international standards and regional regulations, it analyzes the deficiencies existing in the current standards system. [Results] The evaluation results show that privacy and data leakage, algorithmic bias, and decision-making deviation are high-risk areas, while the uneven distribution of technological dividends and others are medium-risk areas. The existing standards have obvious deficiencies in consumer participation mechanisms and cross-domain collaborative implementation, resulting in the attenuation of constraint efficiency. [Conclusion] It is necessary to improve the standards system according to risk classification, strengthen mandatory technical specifications in high-risk areas and enhance the adaptability of standards in medium-risk areas. A closed-loop mechanism with multi-subject collaboration should be established to ensure the implementation of standards, so as to achieve a dynamic balance between technological innovation and the protection of rights and interests. 

引用格式：刘娜，施颖，魏鑫喆，等.人工智能时代下消费者权益风险管理研究[J].标准科学，2025(10):27-36.

基金项目：本文是中国标准化研究院基本科研业务费资助项目“代驾服务质量提升关键要素与标准研究项目”（项目编号：602025Y-12513）；北京市教育科学“十四五”规划一般课题“首都高等教育数字化转型能力评价模型和方法研究”（项目编号：3040-0009）研究成果。 

作者简介：刘娜，博士，副研究员，研究方向为服务标准化、消费者保护。 施颖，通信作者，博士，副教授，研究方向为标准系统工程与方法、管理决策理论与方法。 魏鑫喆，本科生，研究方向为标准系统工程与方法、风险管理。 胡心如，博士研究生，研究方向为标准系统工程与方法、管理决策理论与方法。