政策工具配置与标准体系构建的互动机制研究 —— 基于“工具—标准—效力”三维框架的智慧养老政策量化分析

摘要：

【目的】基于数字中国建设和积极应对老龄化战略，针对智慧养老政策评估中“效力-需求”关联缺失与动态互构机制研究不足问题，系统解析政策工具配置逻辑、标准适配程度及效力传导规律，为优化政策工具配置、提升老年人多层次需求满足提供理论依据与实践路径。【方法】选取2011—2024年中央及各部委颁布的118份智慧养老政策文件，结合“工具选择-标准适配-效力传导”三维分析框架，融合ERG需求理论构建动态评估体系，运用内容分析法、社会网络分析法和政策一致性（PMC）指数模型等评估国家智慧养老服务政策。【结果】一是智慧养老政策工具的类型结构差异突出；二是智慧养老政策内容对智慧养老基础保障与安全健康标准的覆盖情况较好，社交支持与情感关怀标准覆盖情况较差；三是政策效力整体表现良好。【结论】提出“工具重组-标准迭代-韧性治理”优化路径，政府需要合理完善使用各类政策工具，提升政策效力机制，推动政策范式从规模驱动向质量跃升转型，加快智慧养老服务高质量发展。

Abstract:

[Objective] In the context of building the Digital China and implementing the strategy of, actively responding to the aging trend, this paper systematically analyzes the logic of policy tool configuration, the degree of standard adaptation, and the law of effectiveness transmission in the evaluation of smart elderly care policies, and provides a theoretical basis and practical path for optimizing the configuration of policy tools and improving the multi-level needs of the elderly. [Methods] A total of 118 smart elderly care policy documents issued by the central government and various ministries from 2011 to 2024 were selected. The three-dimensional analysis framework of “tool selection-standard adaptation-effectiveness transmission” was combined with the ERG demand theory to build a dynamic evaluation system. The national smart elderly care service policy was evaluated using the content analysis method, the social network analysis method and the policy consistency (PMC) index model. [Results] First, the type and structure of smart elderly care policy tools are significantly different. Second, the coverage of smart elderly care policy content on basic security and safety and health standards for smart elderly care is good, while the coverage of social support and emotional care standards is poor. Third, the overall policy effectiveness is good. [Conclusion] The optimization path of “tool reorganization-standard iterationresilient governance” is proposed. The government needs to reasonably improve the use of various policy tools, enhance the policy effectiveness mechanism, promote the transformation of the policy paradigm from scale-driven to qualitydriven, and accelerate the high-quality development of smart elderly care services. 

引用格式：王剑菊，孙远太.政策工具配置与标准体系构建的互动机制研究——基于“工具—标准—效力”三维框架的智慧养老政策量化分析[J].标准科学，2025(7):90-97.

基金项目：本文受河南省高等学校哲学社会科学创新团队项目“公共政策与社会治理”（项目编号：2024-CXTD-14）资助。 

作者简介：王剑菊，硕士研究生，研究方向为数字赋能下的公共治理创新。 孙远太，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为基层社会治理、政府治理与社会政策。