面向“好房子”的住宅使用说明书和质量保证书标准化路径研究

摘要：

【目的】为建立统一的购房人权益保障机制，提升各地区《住宅使用说明书》和《住宅质量保证书》（统称“两书”）内容规范性和效力一致性。【方法】结合国家“好房子”建设目标，以直辖市为例比较了“两书”政策文本的制度约束差异，并以《中华人民共和国民法典》为基础分析了推进“两书”标准化的法律依据。【结果】研究发现，“两书”制度的地区差异性可能导致住房纠纷“同案不同判”等问题，并且不利于对房地产企业资质实施差异化评价。【结论】最后从制定住宅“两书”编制标准、规范“两书”法定地位等角度，提出了“两书”标准化的具体路径，有益于促进公众对“好房子”的情感认同，推进人民城市建设目标。

Abstract:

[Objective] The study aims to establish a unified mechanism for safeguarding homebuyers’ rights and interests, and to enhance the content standardization and consistency in effectiveness of the Residential Housing Instruction Manual and Warranty Certificate Manual (collectively referred to as the Two Manuals) across different regions. [Methods] In alignment with the national objective of constructing Better Housing, a comparative analysis of institutional constraints in the Two Manuals policy texts is conducted using municipalities directly under the central government as examples. Furthermore, legal foundations for promoting the standardization of the Two Manuals are elucidated based on the Civil Code. [Results] The study reveals that regional disparities in the Two Manuals may lead to inconsistent adjudications in similar housing disputes and hinder the implementation of differentiated evaluations of real estate enterprises’ qualifications. [Conclusions] Concrete pathways for standardizing the Two Manuals are proposed, including the development of compilation standards and the clarification of its statutory status. These measures are conducive to fostering public emotional identification with Better Housing and advancing the goal of building people-centered cities.

引用格式：毛艳辉,谢尚群.面向“好房子”的住宅使用说明书和质量保证书标准化路径研究[J].标准科学,2026(1):50-56.

基金项目：本文受国家重点研发计划项目“城镇可持续发展关键技术与装备”重点专项“全龄友好完整社区建设及居家适老化环境提升关键技术研究与应用”（项目编号：2024YFC3808100）资助。

作者简介：毛艳辉，通信作者，博士，教授，研究方向为建筑环境、能源经济、“双碳”目标。谢尚群，博士，教授级高级工程师，研究方向为建筑能效提升、建筑科技标准化等。