新污染物国际协同治理的演进趋势与启示——基于WTO技术性贸易措施通报分析

摘要：

【目的】当前全球工业化进程持续加快，化学品应用场景日趋广泛，新污染物对生态环境和人类健康的潜在风险日益凸显，亟待厘清全球新污染物治理的整体格局与发展脉络，为相关治理工作提供理论支撑与实践参考。【方法】选取2000—2025年间WTO技术性贸易措施通报数据，从通报国别分布、管控内容演变、覆盖产品范围等维度，系统梳理全球新污染物协同治理的机制演进与发展趋势。【结果】发达国家在立法先行、标准制定方面持续发挥引领作用，新兴经济体正加速跟进；管控重点从传统污染物向新型化学物质扩展；产品覆盖范围由工业品延伸至消费品。在协同治理上，呈现出主体多元共治、全生命周期闭环防控和治理方式精细化、数字化等特征。【结论】可为我国新污染物治理体系的优化与完善提供参考。

Abstract:

[Objective] With the accelerating global industrialization and the increasingly extensive application scenarios of chemicals, the potential risks of emerging contaminants to the ecological environment and human health have become increasingly prominent. It is urgent to clarify the overall pattern and development context of global emerging contaminants governance, so as to provide theoretical support and practical reference for relevant governance work. [Methods] Based on the WTO notifications data of technical trade measures from 2000 to 2025, this paper systematically sorts out the mechanism evolution and development trends of global collaborative governance of emerging contaminants from the dimensions of the country distribution of notifications, the evolution of regulatory content, and the scope of covered products. [Results] The research shows that developed countries have continuously played a leading role in legislation and standard development, while emerging economies are accelerating their follow-up; the focus of regulation has expanded from traditional pollutants to new chemical substances; the scope of covered products has extended from industrial products to consumer goods. In terms of collaborative governance, it exhibits characteristics such as multi-stakeholder cogovernance, closed-loop prevention and control throughout the entire lifecycle, as well as refi ned and digitized governance approaches. [Conclusion] This study can provide reference for the optimization and improvement of China’s emerging contaminants governance system.

引用格式：高璇，毛芳，张超兰. 新污染物国际协同治理的演进趋势与启示——基于WTO技术性贸易措施通报分析[J]. 标准化学报，2026 (7)：41-48.

基金项目：本文受湖南省自然科学基金项目“标准化驱动的新污染物协同治理机制研究”（项目编号：2026JJ80845）资助。

作者简介：高璇，硕士，工程师，研究方向为标准化、技术性贸易措施。毛芳，通信作者，博士，高级工程师，研究方向为标准化、技术性贸易措施。张超兰，硕士，高级工程师，研究方向为非洲标准化、技术性贸易措施。