美国标准公私合作模式及其在关键新兴技术领域的应用

摘要：

【目的】提炼美国标准驱动的公私合作伙伴关系（Standards-driven Public-private Partnership，SD-PPP）多元模式及实践应用的可借鉴经验，为我国深化政产学研用协同标准化合作提供理论与实践参考。【方法】通过综合运用理论研究、归纳总结与实证分析等方法，系统梳理美国标准公私合作模式的核心构成要素，并对不同模式的特征及适用情境进行比较；以人工智能为典型应用场景开展关键新兴技术领域的实践案例分析，重点探讨美国在人工智能标准化进程中公私协同的具体方法，揭示公私协同对标准化工作的赋能机制。【结果】标准驱动的公私合作伙伴关系能够有效整合跨层级、跨主体的标准化资源，精准匹配并响应不同场景的标准化需求，对推动技术创新与标准开发的协同具有重要支持作用。【结论】基于对上述模式实践应用的分析，研判美国在新兴技术领域的标准公私合作趋势，为我国应对国际标准化发展态势、深化跨领域标准化协同机制提出思路和建议。

Abstract:

[Objective] This paper studies the models and applications of Standards-driven Public-private Partnership (SDPPP) in the United States, in order to provide theoretical and practical reference to deepen the standardization mechanisms integrating government, industry, academia, research, and application in China. [Methods] By comprehensively employing theoretical research, inductive summary, and empirical analysis, this study systematically sorts out the core components of U.S. standards-driven PPP models and compares the characteristics and applicable contexts of different models. Taking artificial intelligence as a typical application scenario, this paper conducts case studies of practical applications in key emerging technology fields, focusing on the specific methods of public-private collaboration in the AI standardization process in the United States and revealing the enabling mechanisms of such collaboration for standardization work. [Results]The SD-PPP effectively integrates cross-level and cross-sector standardization resources, accurately matches and responds to standardization needs in different scenarios, and plays a significant supporting role in promoting the synergy between technological innovation and standards development. [Conclusion] Based on the analysis of the practical applications of the above models, this paper assesses the trends of U.S. standards-related public-private cooperation in emerging technology fields and proposes ideas and suggestions for China to respond to international standardization development and deepen cross-sector standardization coordination mechanisms.

引用格式：姜冠男，施琴. 美国标准公私合作模式及其在关键新兴技术领域的应用[J]. 标准化学报，2026(8)：125-132.

基金项目：本文受国家市场监督管理总局标准创新管理专项项目“美洲、泛美国家标准化合作和发展趋势跟踪”〔项目编号：2026（BC06）001〕；上海市市场监督管理局2025年标准化专项“地方标准《人工智能标准化工作导则》”（项目编号：R2025001）资助。

作者简介：姜冠男，硕士，工程师，研究方向为国际标准化。施琴，硕士，正高级工程师，研究方向为国际标准化、质量和标准化。