公共安全风险监测预警标准体系研究

摘要：

【目的】为系统高效推进我国公共安全风险监测预警标准化工作，亟需对该领域标准化核心要素开展顶层设计与统筹规划，构建科学合理的公共安全风险监测预警标准体系。【方法】以GB/T 13016—2018和标准化系统工程六维空间结构模型为依据，采用政策文本解析、现行标准统计分类与业务流程要素提取相结合的方法，提取通用与专项标准化要素，进而形成基础通用统领、分类专项衔接的标准体系设计路径。【结果】搭建形成“1+4”框架标准体系，即1个通用标准子体系与4类突发事件专项标准子体系；结合现行标准实施情况与实际应用痛点，提出安全风险评估、监测、预警及应急响应等关键环节的标准研制重点，同时明确4类突发事件风险监测预警的标准化发展方向。【结论】研究成果可为我国公共安全风险监测预警相关标准研制提供技术支撑，对全面提升我国风险监测预警工作规范化、科学化水平具有重要意义。

Abstract:

[Objective] To systematically and efficiently advance the standardization of public security risk monitoring and early warning in China, it is imperative to conduct top-level design and overall planning for the core standardization elements in this field, and to establish a scientific and reasonable standard system for public security risk monitoring and early warning. [Methods]Based on GB/T 13016—2018 and the six-dimensional spatial structure model of standardization systems engineering, this study adopts a combined method of policy text analysis, statistical classification of existing standards and business process element extraction, extracts general and special standardization elements, and accordingly forms a design path for the standard system featuring overarching guidance of general standards and coordinated connection of special standards. [Results] A "1+4" framework standard system is established, consisting of one general standard sub-system and four special standard sub-systems for different types of emergencies. Combined with the implementation status and practical application pain points of existing standards, the key priorities for standard development in critical links including risk assessment, monitoring, early warning and emergency response are proposed, and the standardization development directions of risk monitoring and early warning for the four types of emergencies are clarified. [Conclusion] The research results can provide technical support for the development of relevant standards for public security risk monitoring and early warning in China, and are of great significance for comprehensively improving the standardization and scientific level of risk monitoring and early warning in China.

引用格式：王皖，赵兴昊，秦挺鑫，等. 公共安全风险监测预警标准体系研究[J]. 标准化学报，2026(8)：72-78.

基金项目：本文受中国标准化研究院中央科研业务费项目“基于灾害动力学的典型灾害情景城市安全韧性评价方法研究”（项目编号：512024Y-11449）资助。

作者简介：王皖，博士，副研究员，研究方向为公共安全与应急管理标准化。徐凤娇，通信作者，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向公共安全与应急管理标准化。