GB/T 12996《电动轮椅车》新旧标准比对分析

摘要：

【目的】为科学、系统地分析GB/T 12996《电动轮椅车》新旧国家标准的主要技术变化，研究修订过程中存在的问题，并提出应对策略。【方法】采用标准化系统工具中的标准比对分析法，对新旧国家标准中转弯直径要求及试验方法、轮椅车耗电量要求、电机堵转保护要求、座/靠垫阻燃性要求、强度要求、气候要求、测试用假人要求、装配检验方法、最大速度试验方法、驻坡性能试验方法和电池标识等进行比对分析。【结果】新国家标准修改的部分技术要求和试验方法等同采用现行国际标准，删除了不适用的技术要求，增加了部分安全要求和性能要求。但制修订过程仍存在修订周期过长问题，与国际标准接轨不足等问题。【结论】应建立健全标准制修订统筹协调机制，提升标准供给质量，拓展国际标准化合作关系，深度参与国际标准组织治理，全面提升国家标准管理水平和国际标准的一致性。

Abstract:

[Objective] In order to scientifically and systematically analyze the main technical changes of the new and old versions of the national standard GB/T 12996, Electrically powered wheelchair, the problems existing in the revision process are studied, and the countermeasures are put forward. [Methods] The standard comparison analysis method in the standardized system tool is used to compare and analyze the turning diameter requirements and test methods, wheelchair power consumption requirements, motor blocking protection requirements, seat/cushion flame retardancy requirements, strength requirements, climate requirements, test dummy requirements, assembly inspection methods, maximum speed test methods, standing slope performance test methods and battery identification in the new and old versions of the national standard. [Results] Some of the technical requirements and test methods modified in the new version are equivalent to that in the current international standards, and the inapplicable technical requirements are deleted, and the safety requirements and performance requirements are added. However, there are still some problems in the revision process, such as too long revision cycle and insufficient integration with international standards. [Conclusion] It is necessary to establish and improve the overall coordination mechanism for standard development and revision, improve the quality of standard supply, expand international standardization cooperation, deeply participate in the governance of international standard organizations, and comprehensively improve the level of national standard management and the consistency of international standards. 

引用格式：高珊,樊哲,臧兴杰.GB/T 12996《电动轮椅车》新旧标准比对分析[J].标准科学,2025(5):107-113.

基金项目：本文受广东省自然科学基金面上项目“基于案例推理的养老服务风险评估关键技术与风险防控规范化”（项目编号：2020A1515010689）资助。 

作者简介：高珊，本科，工程师，研究方向为标准化、TBT、项目管理。 樊哲，本科，通信作者，高级工程师，研究方向为安全管理、标准化与技术性贸易措施。 臧兴杰，硕士，高级工程师，研究方向为标准化和技术性贸易措施。