极端天气背景下韧性基础设施标准化工作进展及对气象工作的启示

摘要：

【目的】梳理国内外基础设施韧性标准化发展现状，推动气象要素深度融入基础设施韧性建设，以提升极端天气下关键基础设施灾害防控能力。【方法】采用文献梳理和对比分析的方法，系统梳理以ISO/TC 292为代表的国际韧性基础设施标准体系，剖析其关键标准的技术内容；归纳我国韧性标准的组织架构、采标路径、演进特征，以及国家和地方层面的标准化实践成果。【结果】国内外韧性基础设施标准呈现由单点防御转向系统治理、由宏观框架转向精准落地的发展趋势。现阶段，我国基础设施气象韧性标准化存在的短板包括尚未形成覆盖基础设施全生命周期的气象韧性标准体系；气象要素与基础设施标准之间的融合深度不足；参与国际标准化治理的能力有待提升。【结论】据此建议，我国应从加强部门协同、完善标准体系、精准补齐短板、推动气象要素全链条融入标准、深度参与国际治理5个方面优化气象标准化工作，持续强化极端天气风险防控能力，推动气象服务深度赋能韧性基础设施建设，为我国基础设施安全运行与防灾减灾标准化建设提供参考。

Abstract:

[Objective] The study aims to summarize the development status of resilient infrastructure standardization, promote the in-depth integration of meteorological elements into infrastructure resilience construction, and improve the disaster prevention and control capability of key infrastructure under extreme weather. [Methods] Literature review and comparative analysis methods were adopted to systematically sort out the international resilient infrastructure standards system led by ISO/TC 292 and analyze the technical contents of key standards. This paper concludes the organizational structure, standard adoption paths, and evolution characteristics of China’s resilience standards, as well as the practical achievements of national and local standardization. [Results] It clarifies the development trend of domestic and international resilient infrastructure standards shifting from single-point defense to systematic governance and from macroscopic framework guidance to refined implementation. At this stage, China’s meteorological standardization still has shortcomings, including the lack of a full-life-cycle meteorological resilience standards system for infrastructure, insufficient integration of meteorological elements into infrastructure standards, and inadequate capacity in international standardization governance. [Conclusion] China should optimize meteorological work from five dimensions including departmental collaboration, system improvement, shortcoming remediation, fullchain integration, and international governance. The research can continuously strengthen the capacity of extreme weather risk prevention and control, promote the in-depth empowerment of meteorological services for resilient infrastructure construction, and provide a reference for the safe operation of infrastructure and the standardization of disaster prevention and mitigation in China.

引用格式：黄娜，谷峻岭，刘艳阳，等. 极端天气背景下韧性基础设施标准化工作进展及对气象工作的启示[J]. 标准化学报，2026(11): 153-160.

基金项目：本文受中国气象局气象政策研究重点课题“国际标准《ISO 22372：韧性基础设施指南》采用研究”（项目编号：2026ZCYJZDIAN16）资助。

作者简介：黄娜，高级工程师，研究方向为气象标准化、气象教育培训理论与方法、气象科技管理等。谷峻岭，通信作者，研究方向为气象标准化、气象教育培训、军事管理等。