基于技术演进与国际对标双视角下我国电化学储能系统消防标准体系优化路径研究

摘要：

【目的】系统梳理我国电化学储能消防技术的演进和现行储能消防标准制定情况，分析国际储能消防标准体系构建模式，探究我国电化学储能消防标准体系优化路径。【方法】通过文献标准资料分析，从本体、系统、空间3个维度开展研究。本体层面已从单纯延缓热失控触发升级为有效限制传播；系统层面防护逻辑由被动响应转向全面的闭环过程控制；空间层级的治理方式则由依赖经验数值向复杂的风险量化方法演进。【结果】基于技术演进发展，对照国内标准研制情况，发现国内标准与当前技术有一定契合度，但整体仍滞后于技术创新步伐，尤其在极早期预警、系统级蔓延评价及新型抑制技术等领域存在显著滞后与空白。与国际标准体系构建特征比较，我国标准建设仍以合规性控制与固定数值管理为主，风险量化与测试驱动机制有待完善。【结论】我国储能消防安全标准体系正处于由“规范分层管理”向“风险闭环治理”转型的关键阶段，为有效应对大规模储能部署下的严峻安全挑战，亟须通过前瞻性顶层设计，构建主动型风险治理机制。

Abstract:

[Objective] This paper aims to systematically review the evolution of fire protection technologies for electrochemical energy storage in China and the current status of relevant fire protection standards, analyze the construction models of international energy storage fire protection standards systems, and explore pathways for optimizing China’s electrochemical energy storage fire protection standards system. [Methods] Through literature and standard documentation analysis, research is conducted from three dimensions: the cell level, the system level, and the spatial level. At the cell level, the approach has evolved from merely delaying the initiation of thermal runaway to effectively limiting its propagation. At the system level, the protection logic has shifted from passive response to comprehensive closed-loop process control. At the spatial level, governance methods have progressed from reliance on empirical values to complex risk quantification approaches. [Results] Based on technological evolution and a review of domestic standard development, it is found that domestic standards have a certain degree of alignment with current technologies, but overall they still lag behind the pace of technological innovation. Notable gaps and delays exist particularly in areas such as ultra-early warning, system-level propagation evaluation, and novel suppression technologies. Compared with the structural characteristics of international standards systems, China’s standard development remains primarily focused on compliance control and fixed-value management, with risk quantification and test-driven mechanisms requiring further improvement. [Conclusion] China’s energy storage fire safety standards system is at a critical stage of transitioning from “hierarchical compliance management” to “closed-loop risk governance”. To effectively address the severe safety challenges posed by large-scale energy storage deployment, it is imperative to establish proactive risk governance mechanisms through forward-looking top-level design.

引用格式：黄合欢，李九歌，权朝明，等. 基于技术演进与国际对标双视角下我国电化学储能系统消防标准体系优化路径研究[J]. 标准化学报，2026(11): 122-133.

基金项目：本文受青海省重点研发平台建设专项“青海省十大国家级科技创新平台培育建设专项（三期）”（项目编号：2025-ZJ-J02）、“青海黄河上游水电开发有限责任公司C类科技项目”（项目编号：KY-C-2025-CN03）资助。

作者简介：黄合欢，本科，助理工程师，研究方向为电化学储能及储能安全。许希军，通信作者，博士，副教授，研究方向为电池及电池安全。