中日无障碍环境建设相关法规体系对比分析

摘要：

【目的】当前我国无障碍环境建设相关法规进入新一轮的发展阶段，将我国和无障碍法规制度较完善的日本进行对比分析，有助于形成对我国问题的认识和借鉴。【方法】通过系统性地梳理中日无障碍环境建设相关的法律、行政法规、技术标准、指南等，形成了对当前两国相关法规体系框架的整体认识。在内容层面，结合系统化无障碍环境建设工作多个方面、多个层级的要求，对比分析中日法规体系所涵盖内容的完备性。在义务与约束力层面，对比分析了中日法规体系对无障碍环境建设规制、奖励等机制进行建构的完善性，以及约束力确保途径的有效性。【结果】分析指出了当前我国体系框架尚未构建完整、内容覆盖不全、内容-义务-法规体系配合不足等方面的具体问题。【结论】对我国无障碍环境建设相关立法工作的进一步完善具有实践参考价值和意义。

Abstract:

[Objective] China’s laws and regulations on accessible environment construction is currently undergoing significant development. A comparative analysis with Japan, which has a well-established regulatory system, can provide valuable insights into China’s challenges and potential improvement. [Methods] This study systematically examines the laws, administrative regulations, technical standards, and guidelines related to accessible environment construction in China and Japan, offering a comprehensive overview of the respective regulatory frameworks. The analysis evaluates the comprehensiveness of these frameworks by assessing their coverage of multi-level, multi-scaled requirements for systematic accessible environment development. It also explores the obligation with binding force , to examine the completeness of how the two countries establish the regulatory governance mechanisms (e.g., mandatory, voluntary, or incentives) and the effectiveness of enforcement and compliance. [Results] The study identifies gaps in China’s current system, incomplete regulatory framework, insufficient content, and inadequate alignment between content, obligation, and their allocation in regulatory system. [Conclusion] These findings provide insights and practical implications for futurelegislative and policy enhancements for accessible environment construction in China.

崔轩，邵磊.中日无障碍环境建设相关法规体系对比分析[J].标准科学，2025(9):127-138.

基金项目：本文受2022年度国家社科基金重大项目“无障碍环境建设研究”(项目编号：22&ZD186)资助。

作者简介：崔轩，博士研究生，研究方向为无障碍环境建设、居住与社区。邵磊，通信作者，博士，副教授，博士生导师，研究方向为无障碍与全龄友好、居住与社区、城市规划与设计。