国家质量基础设施量化评估国际进展及实证分析

摘要：

【目的】在国家质量基础设施（NQI）量化评估领域国际上提出了多种理论模型，发布了衡量各个国家或地区质量基础设施发展水平的报告。系统分析当前主流的NQI绩效评估模型，识别出当前在量化研究方面的不足，为建立科学的NQI绩效指标体系提供借鉴。【方法】通过对国际上两种主流的量化评估模型（GQII和QI4SD）研究目的、评估维度、评估方法的定性分析，得出两种模型在方法论上的差异，用Mann-Whitney U检验方法对二者的评估结果开展定量比较，分析二者评估结果的一致程度。【结果】GQII和QI4SD两种模型均基于国际组织的质量数据开展量化评估，但在评估维度及权重上的不同造成了二者的评估结果存在显著差异。【结论】当前国际上对NQI的概念及要素达成一致意见，对NQI的研究进入了量化阶段，但NQI发展水平量化评估体系尚未实现统一。NQI量化评估主要依赖国际组织提供的数据，提升NQI绩效水平需要国家或地区深度参与国际组织活动。

Abstract:

[Objective] Multiple theoretical models have been proposed internationally in the quantitative evaluation of National Quality Infrastructure (NQI), and reports measuring the NQI development levels of various countries or regions have been released. This study systematically analyzes the current mainstream NQI performance evaluation models, identifies the deficiencies in existing quantitative research, and provides a reference for establishing a scientific and impartial NQI performance indicator system. [Methods] Through the qualitative analysis of the research objectives, evaluation dimensions and assessment methods of two internationally mainstream quantitative evaluation models (i.e., Global Quality Infrastructure Index [GQII] and Quality Infrastructure for Sustainable Development [QI4SD]), this study clarifies the methodological differences between the two models. Meanwhile, the Mann-Whitney U test is employed for quantitative comparison of their evaluation results to analyze the consistency of the outcomes generated by the twomodels. [Results] Both the GQII and QI4SD models conduct quantitative evaluations based on quality data provided by international organizations. However, differences in their evaluation dimensions and weight assignments lead to significant discrepancies in their respective evaluation results. [Conclusion] The international community has reached a consensus on the concept and core elements of NQI, and the research on NQI has entered the quantitative stage. Nevertheless, a unified quantitative evaluation system for measuring the NQI development levels of different countries or regions has not yet been established. Current quantitative research on NQI largely relies on data supplied by international organizations, indicating that enhancing NQI performance requires in-depth participation in the activities of these international bodies.

引用格式：陈子昱.国家质量基础设施量化评估国际进展及实证分析 [J]. 标准科学，2026 (4)：78-86 .

基金项目：本文受中国石油集团安全环保技术研究院有限公司2025年管理创新研究与实践项目“产品质量技术支持业务数字化转型路径研究”（项目编号：FM1025W04801）资助。

作者简介：陈子昱，本科，高级工程师，研究方向为质量管理、质量改进工具方法研究与应用。