论国家标准与新兴法律的可行衔接路径——以数据分类分级标准为例

摘要：

【目的】数字化时代科技快速革新，法律概念、规定等滞后性逐步显现，亟须寻找一条弥补该滞后性的可行路径。【方法】分析现有“法律性质说”与“法律渊源说”的局限性，以“限制引用说”作为衔接路径的学理依据，并结合GB/T43697—2024《数据安全技术 数据分类分级规则》开展具体分析。【结果】国家标准的类法属性或法律基础缺失均不能完全作为标准衔接法律的准入条件或否定条件，应基于法律条文的需求作辅助性补充，标准中所规定的定义、方法、结论可以作为法律在新兴科学技术领域的补充内容。【结论】证实国家标准具备与法律衔接的法理基础，法律与国家标准的衔接路径为限制引用，后续仍需要完善相关配套机制。

Abstract:

[Objective] With the rapid innovation of science and technology in the digital era, the lag of legal concepts and provisions has gradually become prominent, making it urgent to find a feasible path to compensate for it. [Methods] This paper first analyzes the limitations of the“Theory of Legal Nature” and the“Theory of Legal Sources”, then puts forward the“Theory of Restricted Citation” as the jurisprudential basis for the connecting path, and conducts specific analysis by combining the national standard GB/T 43697-2024. [Results] The results show that neither the quasi-legal nature nor the lack of  law basis attribute of national standards can fully serve as the admission or negation condition for standards to connect with laws; instead, national standards should be used as auxiliary supplements according to the needs of legal provisions. The definitions, methods and conclusions specified in the standards can be regarded as supplementary contents of laws in the field of emerging science and technology. [Conclusion] National standards have the jurisprudential basis for connecting with laws. The pathway for the alignment of laws and national standards is through restricted citation, but it isstill necessary to improve the relevant supporting mechanisms in the follow-up.

引用格式：唐鸿宇，吴梦婷.论国家标准与新兴法律的可行衔接路径——以数据分类分级标准为例[J]. 标准科学，2026(4)：6-15 .

基金项目：本文受国家重点研发计划项目“基于标签标识的网络数据治理关键技术研究”（项目编号：2024YFB3108200）资助。

作者简介：唐鸿宇，硕士研究生，研究方向为技术法学、数据治理。吴梦婷，博士，副研究员，研究方向为数据安全治理。